Letter: Nicotine, tobacco substitutes, and smoking habits.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Smoking habits, nicotine use, and congenital malformations.
OBJECTIVE We examined whether maternal smoking and use of nicotine substitutes during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy increased the prevalence of congenital malformations in general and of certain congenital malformations in particular. METHODS In the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997-2003) we identified 76,768 pregnancies (and their subsequent singleton births); 20,603 were exposed to tobac...
متن کاملSmoking habits and nicotine dependence of North Korean male defectors
BACKGROUND/AIMS The smoking rates and patterns in the North Korean population are not well known. More than 20,000 North Korean defectors have settled in South Korea; thus, we can estimate the current North Korean smoking situation using this group. METHODS All North Korean defectors spend their first 3 months in a South Korean facility learning to adapt to their new home. We retrospectively ...
متن کاملFirst trimester maternal tobacco smoking habits and fetal growth.
RATIONALE Maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with reduced birth weight and childhood lung function. This study determined when maternal smoking first influences fetal growth and how this relates to childhood respiratory outcomes. METHODS A longitudinal cohort of 1924 pregnant women was recruited. Fetal ultrasound measurements at 11 weeks (crown-rump length, CRL) and at 20 weeks gesta...
متن کاملNicotine content in tobacco used in hubble-bubble smoking.
OBJECTIVE To determine the nicotine content of commonly used tobacco in hubble-bubble (HB) and compare it with that found in cigarettes. METHODS Analysis of nicotine content of 13 commercial brands of HB tobacco was carried out using gas chromatography over an 8 month period; November 2002 through to June 2003 at the Toxicology Laboratory, University of Jordan. RESULTS A wide variation in n...
متن کاملChanges of smoking habits and cough in men smoking cigarettes with 30% NSM tobacco substitute.
The effects of smoking cigarettes with 30% of the tobacco replaced by NSM tobacco substitute, which lowered their tar and nicotine delivery, were studied by comparing them with the effects of conventional cigarettes in a controlled crossover trial lasting 20 months. Chest symptoms, cigarette consumption, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured each month. Two-hundred men...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 1976
ISSN: 0959-8138,1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6028.177